Characteristics of receiver-related biases between BDS-3 and BDS-2 for five frequencies including inter-system biases, differential code biases, and differential phase biases

The regional estimates of the GPS satellite and receiver differential code biases

The Differential Code Biases (DCB), which are also termed hardware delay biases, are the frequency-dependent time delays of the satellite and receiver. Possible sources of these delays are antennas and cables, as well as different filters used in receivers and satellites. These instrumental delays affect both code and carrier measurements. These biases for satellites and some IGS stations tend ...

Iranian Permanent GPS Network Receivers Differential Code Biases Estimation Using Global Ionospheric Maps

Measurements of the dual frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers can be used to calculate the electron density and the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere layer of the Earth atmosphere. TEC is a key parameter for investigating the ongoing spatial and temporal physical process of the ionosphere. For accurate estimation of TEC from GPS measurements, GPS satellites and GPS r...

Estimation of Differential Inter-system Biases between the Overlapping Frequencies of Gps, Galileo, Beidou and Qzss

Multiple global and regional navigation satellite systems are currently being developed. In addition to the already available GPS and GLONASS constellations, Galileo and BeiDou satellites have been launched, as well as one QZSS satellite and other regional satellites. At the same time GPS and GLONASS are being modernized. Highprecision positioning applications that rely on carrierphase ambiguit...

Behavioral Finance Models and Behavioral Biases in Stock Price Forecasting

Stock market is affected by news and information. If the stock market is not efficient, the reaction of stock price to news and information will place the stock market in overreaction and under-reaction states. Many models have been already presented by using different tools and techniques to forecast the stock market behavior. In this study, the reaction of stock price in the stock market was ...

Receiver Biases in Global Positioning Satellite Ranging